Jaw defect, as a major clinical challenge in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, is mostly caused by tumor resection, severe trauma, osteomyelitis and other etiologies. It often leads to changes in patients' facial contour, loss of masticatory function and psychosocial disorders. Fibula grafting has become the gold standard surgical method for functional jaw reconstruction due to its reliable blood supply, sufficient bone volume and good plasticity. However, the ultimate goal of jaw reconstruction is not only to restore the continuity of the bone, but also to achieve denture restoration with stability, aesthetic appearance and masticatory function. Implant-supported denture is exactly the ideal scheme to achieve this goal. This paper systematically reviews the anatomical basis and clinical application of fibula grafting combined with implant restoration, analyzes the key influencing factors of its success rate, focuses on the core value of this strategy in functional and aesthetic reconstruction, and looks forward to the future development direction of the technology.