Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of dental implant restoration technology in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 82 patients with dentition defect admitted to Cixian People's Hospital from March 2024 to March 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 41 patients in each group. The control group was treated with conventional restoration, and the observation group was treated with dental implant restoration. The treatment effect, masticatory efficiency, language function, aesthetics of restored teeth and adverse reaction rate were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group (97.56%) was higher than that of the control group (78.05%) (P <0.05). The masticatory efficiency of the observation group after restoration was higher than that of the control group(P <0.05). The scores of language function and aesthetics of restored teeth in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group (4.88%) was lower than that in the control group (24.39%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of dental implant restoration technology in patients with dentition defect has a definite effect. It can effectively improve masticatory efficiency, optimize language function and aesthetics of restored teeth, and help to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, with good efficacy and safety.