Objective To explore the effect of absorbable collagen suture on incision healing and scar formation in patients undergoing cesarean section. Methods A total of 80 patients undergoing cesarean section admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kunshan Jen Ching Memorial Hospital from June 2023 to June 2025 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the study group by the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with absorbable surgical suture, and the study group was treated with absorbable collagen suture. The operation related indicators, pain intensity, incision healing, scar formation and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference in incision suture time between the two groups (P >0.05), but the incision healing time of the study group was shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). The postoperative VAS score of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The grade A healing rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group, and the grade C healing rate was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the grade B healing rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative scar formation of the study group was milder than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group (5.00%) was lower than that in the control group (22.50%) (P <0.05). Conclusion In cesarean section surgery, the application of absorbable collagen suture for incision suture shows multiple clinical advantages. This suture material helps to optimize intraoperative and postoperative related clinical indicators effectively reduce the degree of postoperative pain in patients, promote the process of incision tissue healing, inhibit excessive scar formation, and reduce the risk of postoperative complications.