Silk Fibroin (SF) is a natural macromolecular protein. With its excellent biocompatibility, controllable degradability, outstanding mechanical properties and multiple biological functions, it has become one of the important biomaterials in the field of skin repair. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the characteristics, application formulations and repair mechanisms of SF, lists several application forms of SF, including hydrogels, sponges, films, microspheres and microneedles, and proposes future development directions combined with existing challenges, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the precise application of SF in the field of skin repair.