Objective To explore the effect of orthodontics treatment combined with oral restoration treatment on masticatory and language functions in patients with congenital missing teeth. Methods A total of 96 patients with congenital missing teeth admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Lincang from September 2023 to January 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 48 patients in each group. The control group received oral restoration treatment, and the observation group received orthodontics treatment combined with oral restoration treatment. The clinical efficacy, periodontal health, quality of life, masticatory and language functions, and adverse reaction rate were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group (97.92%) was higher than that of the control group (87.50%) (P <0.05). The periodontal health of the observation group after treatment was better than that of the control group (P <0.05). The quality of life scores of the observation group after treatment were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). The masticatory efficiency, occlusal force and language function score of the observation group after treatment were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group (2.08%) was lower than that in the control group (14.58%) (P <0.05). Conclusion For patients with congenital missing teeth, the combined therapy of orthodontics and oral restoration treatment shows an effective synergistic effect. This scheme can not only effectively improve clinical efficacy and periodontal health, but also has obvious advantages in oral function reconstruction (masticatory and language functions) and comprehensive improvement of patients' quality of life, while also having good treatment safety.