Objective: To explore the effect of mini-implant anchorage combined with straight wire appliance on masticatory function and periodontal health in patients with malocclusion.Methods: A total of 84 patients with malocclusion who visited the Department of Stomatology of our hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected. They were divided into the MBT straight wire group (n=42, treated with MBT straight wire appliance) and the combined treatment group (n=42, treated with mini-implant anchorage combined with MBT straight wire appliance) using the random number table method. The jaw bone morphology (SNA angle, SNB angle, ANB angle), masticatory function (masticatory efficiency, occlusal force of the maxillary first molar), periodontal health indicators (Gingival Index [GI], Probing Depth [PD], Bleeding Index [BI]), and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: After treatment, the SNA angle and ANB angle in both groups were reduced compared with those before treatment, and the reduction in the combined treatment group was more significant (P<0.05). There was no significant change in the SNB angle before and after treatment in either group (P>0.05). After treatment, the masticatory efficiency and occlusal force of the maxillary first molar in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and the combined treatment group was higher than the MBT straight wire group (P<0.05). After treatment, GI, PD, and BI in both groups were reduced compared with those before treatment, and the reduction in the combined treatment group was more significant (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the combined treatment group was 37.50%, which was significantly lower than 80.00% in the MBT straight wire group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Mini-implant anchorage combined with MBT straight wire appliance in the treatment of malocclusion can more effectively improve jaw bone morphology and masticatory function, maintain periodontal health, and has a lower incidence of adverse events.