Melasma is an acquired pigmentary skin disorder commonly seen in Asian populations,characterized by symmetrical light brown patches on the face.Its pathogenesis involves multiple factors,including abnormalities in melanin metabolism,basal membrane damage,vascular proliferation,and inflammatory responses.Clinical treatment faces challenges such as high recurrence rates and inconsistent efficacy.Microneedling therapy,as a novel technique that combines minimally invasive transdermal delivery and tissue repair functions,provides a new solution for melasma treatment by creating mechanical microchannels and stimulating skin regeneration.This article systematically reviews the mechanisms,commonly used techniques,and clinical application protocols of microneedling in treating melasma,based on the latest clinical evidence and expert consensus,aiming to provide a reference for standardized clinical use.